UTIs in Pets: How to Recognize and Prevent This Common Problem

Your cat squats in the litter box again and again, but nothing happens. Your dog suddenly starts having accidents indoors after years of perfect house training. You clean, you scold, you worry- but what’s really happening isn’t behavioral at all.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common medical issues seen in dogs and cats, and they can be extremely uncomfortable- or even dangerous if left untreated. At South Shores Pet Clinic, we help families spot the subtle signs of urinary disease early, treat infections effectively, and put prevention plans in place so pets stay comfortable and healthy long-term.

Recognizing When Urinary Trouble Becomes an Emergency

Some urinary problems are uncomfortable but manageable, while others are true emergencies. Male cats, in particular, can develop life-threatening blockages that prevent urine from leaving the body. This condition, called urinary obstruction, can become fatal within hours. If your cat is straining in the litter box, crying while trying to urinate, or producing little to no urine, seek veterinary care immediately.

Even mild signs like squatting repeatedly, excessive licking, or urinating outside the box can indicate infection or inflammation. These symptoms should never be ignored, especially in male cats or pets with a history of urinary issues. Early evaluation ensures a better outcome and helps prevent the intense pain and risk of kidney damage that come with a full blockage.

Understanding UTIs: Symptoms and Causes

Early Warning Signs of a UTI

The signs of urinary tract infections in dogs and cats often develop gradually. You might notice your pet straining to urinate, producing only small amounts, or asking to go outside more often.

Other symptoms include:

  • Blood in the urine, sometimes visible as pink or reddish staining
  • A strong or unusual urine odor
  • Frequent grooming or licking of the genital area
  • Behavioral changes such as accidents in the house or urinating outside the litter box

These signs reflect inflammation of the bladder and urethra, which can make urination painful and difficult.

Why UTIs Happen

Bacterial infections are the most common cause of UTIs in both dogs and cats. Bacteria enter the urethra and multiply within the bladder, causing inflammation and discomfort. Female pets are at higher risk because their shorter urethra allows easier bacterial access.

Some anatomical factors, such as a recessed vulva in dogs, also increase susceptibility by trapping moisture and bacteria in skin folds. Obesity, poor hygiene, and chronic licking can make the problem worse.

Certain medical conditions can make infections more frequent or severe. Pets with diabetes, kidney disease, or those taking immune-suppressing medications are more prone to infection. These pets should have regular urinalysis and cultures to detect infections early- even when no symptoms are present.

Prevention Through Veterinary Care

Routine Exams and Rechecks Matter

Annual wellness exams give veterinarians the chance to catch UTIs before they become serious. At these visits, your veterinarian can perform urinalysis to detect microscopic bacteria, crystals, or inflammatory changes long before symptoms appear.

Sometimes, your veterinarian may also recommend a urine culture, which involves sending a small urine sample to a laboratory to identify the exact type of bacteria causing infection. This test confirms whether an infection is truly present and reveals which antibiotics will work best. Cultures are especially important for pets who have had repeated UTIs, those on long-term medication, or those with underlying diseases that make infection harder to control.

Regular diagnostic testing is essential for pets with chronic health conditions or recurring infections. Even when symptoms improve after starting antibiotics, bacteria can persist. Completing the full course of medication and returning for follow-up testing ensures the infection is completely cleared and helps prevent resistant bacteria from developing.

Diet, Supplements, and Hydration

human hand holding young cat’s head examine teeth in front of gray studio background with copy space

A pet’s diet plays a vital role in urinary health. The right nutrition supports bladder function, helps maintain an optimal urinary pH, and reduces the formation of crystals or stones.

Hydration is equally important. Many pets, especially cats, don’t drink enough water. Encouraging wet food, providing multiple clean water sources, or using fountains can help keep urine dilute and flush bacteria from the bladder.

Certain urinary supplements for dogs and cats can also support urinary tract health by reducing bacterial adherence, supporting immune response, or balancing urinary pH. Ask your veterinarian which products would best fit your pet’s individual needs.

Everyday Prevention at Home

Keeping your pet’s urinary system healthy starts with simple, consistent habits:

  • Maintain a healthy weight. Overweight pets are more likely to develop skin folds around the genital area and urinary issues. Research has shown that obesity increases the risk of bladder stone formation, which can lead to infections or obstruction.
  • Keep the area clean. Regularly clean any folds or fur around the genital area to reduce bacteria buildup, especially after urination or outdoor play.
  • Discourage licking or scooting. These behaviors introduce bacteria into the urethra. If your pet licks excessively, consider using a cone temporarily and consult your veterinarian to identify underlying causes such as allergies, vaginitis, or a recessed vulva.
  • Provide frequent potty breaks and clean litter boxes. Holding urine or avoiding dirty litter boxes encourages bacterial growth.

Consistency in these daily routines helps prevent infections before they start.

Treatment and Support Options

When infection does occur, a culture-based antibiotic is the gold standard for treatment. A urine culture helps determine exactly which bacteria are involved and which medications will be most effective. This targeted approach shortens recovery time and reduces antibiotic resistance.

In more advanced cases involving urinary stones or obstructions, surgical procedures such as cystotomy may be necessary to restore normal flow and remove blockages.

At South Shores Pet Clinic, we may also recommend laser therapy to reduce inflammation, speed tissue repair, and relieve pain in pets recovering from urinary surgery or infection.

Many pets benefit from supportive therapies like probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, or urinary supplements. These should always be used under veterinary guidance to ensure they complement your pet’s treatment plan.

When to Contact Your Veterinarian

Even mild symptoms deserve attention, especially if your pet is older or has an underlying health condition. Contact South Shores Pet Clinic right away if you notice:

  • Straining with little or no urine production
  • Blood in the urine
  • Frequent urination or accidents indoors
  • Pain, crying, or restlessness when urinating
  • Persistent licking or grooming of the genital area

You can book an appointment online or reach our team directly for urgent concerns. Rapid intervention prevents complications and spares your pet unnecessary pain.

The Bottom Line: Don’t Wait on Urinary Health

Urinary issues in pets can escalate quickly, but they are highly treatable- and often preventable- with proactive care. Whether it’s a simple infection or something more complex, early recognition and consistent follow-up are the best ways to protect your pet’s comfort and long-term kidney health.

At South Shores Pet Clinic, our veterinarians combine advanced diagnostics with compassionate care to help your dog or cat feel their best. If you suspect your pet has a urinary issue or want to discuss prevention strategies, request an appointment today.